Bangladesh’s ‘Gen Z revolution’ toppled a veteran leader. Why did they hit the streets and what happens now? | CNN (2024)

Bangladesh’s ‘Gen Z revolution’ toppled a veteran leader. Why did they hit the streets and what happens now? | CNN (1)

People celebrate the resignation of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina in Dhaka, Bangladesh, on August 5, 2024.

CNN

Inside Bangladesh it’s being dubbed a Gen Z revolution – a protest movement that pitted mostly young student demonstrators against a 76-year-old leader who had dominated her nation for decades and turned increasingly authoritarian in recent years.

There was jubilation on the streets of the Bangladeshi capital Dhaka on Monday after Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina resigned and fled the country by helicopter following weeks of deadly anti-government unrest.

Hasina’s abrupt exit ends 15 years in power that has been marked by a stifling of civil freedoms and the heavy-handed use of security forces to crush dissent, critics and rights groups say.

An interim government headed by Nobel Peace Prize laureate Muhammad Yunus will now lead the country at the request of student protest leaders, the Bangladesh president’s press secretary confirmed to CNN on Tuesday.

Meanwhile, the country’s main opposition party has offered its full support to student protesters.

What began as peaceful protests by students against civil service job quotas morphed into a nationwide push to force Hasina out after demonstrators were met with agovernment crackdown that killed about 300 people, according to local media and agencies.

Hasina blamed the opposition for the violence and imposed internet blocks and an indefinite curfew across the country.

Her response inflamed the protesters further and, in the end, the world’s longest-serving female head of government had to quickly flee the country with her sister to India before crowds stormed her official residence, smashing walls and looting its contents.

Bangladesh’s ‘Gen Z revolution’ toppled a veteran leader. Why did they hit the streets and what happens now? | CNN (2)

Fires burn outside the Prime Minister's House after Sheikh Hasina resigned and fled the country, on August 5, 2024 in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Why were Bangladeshis on the streets?

Students began protesting on July 1 at the prestigious Dhaka University demanding an end to the government’s quota system, which reserves 30%of civil service posts for relatives of veterans who fought in Bangladesh’s war of independence from Pakistan in 1971.

Many of the country’s contemporary political elite are related to that generation – including Hasina, a daughter of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the widely regarded founder of modern Bangladesh who was assassinated in 1975.

The reserved roles were linked tojob security and higher pay, and protesters said the quota system is discriminatory and favors supporters of Hasina’s ruling Awami League party.

Driving the anger was high unemployment levels in the country, especially among young people. Bangladesh has seen strong economic growth under Hasina, but it slowed in the post-pandemic eraand is beset with high inflation and depleted foreign currency reserves. In a nation of 170 million people, more than 30 million are not in work or education.

The protests turned violent on July 15 and the government’s increasingly deadly response fueled their anger further, even after the Supreme Court rolled back most of the controversial quotas on government jobs and internet blocks were lifted.

On Sunday, at least91 people were killedand hundreds injured inclashesbetween police and protesters, the highest for a single day from any protests in the country’s recent history.

Bangladesh’s ‘Gen Z revolution’ toppled a veteran leader. Why did they hit the streets and what happens now? | CNN (3)

Protesters shout slogans as they celebrate Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina's resignation in Dhaka.

‘Blood in front of my university’

After Hasina’s resignation on Monday, celebration soon gave way to more violence as protesters torched several buildings, including the Bangabandhu Memorial Museum - the ancestral residence of Hasina’s fatherMujibur Rahman – and Awami League offices, eyewitnesses told CNN.

“Things turned ugly really quickly,” said Raiyan Aftab, 23, a student at BRAC University, who said police shot at protesters outside the campus. “They shot everybody. There is blood in front of my university right now. There’s like 30 bodies… I couldn’t sleep all night.”

Across the capital, anti-government protesters were attacked by police and military personnel, witnesses said. At Dhaka Medical College, police opened fire on protesters, according to a CNN fixer at the scene.

Students and protesters at Dhaka University Campus and the Shaheed Minar, a national monument in the capital, were beaten by police as they assembled at these locations.

“I went to Shaheed Minar with my friends to celebrate. It was epic. There’s like thousands of people there, everybody went, regardless of class, heritage, religion, we’re all together and all the students met up with flags and everything. It was a historic moment,” said Aftab.“But it was short lived.”

Meanwhile, images appeared online of young people guarding Hindu temples as misinformation swirled online and a mob attacked a temple, according to the director of the Meherpur ISKCON temple.

Hasina’s legacy

The demonstrations became the ultimate challenge to Hasina since she secured a fourth consecutive term in January elections, which were boycotted by the main opposition party to protest what they said was a widespread crackdown on their ranks.

On Tuesday, Bangladesh President Mohammed Shahabuddin dissolved parliament and announced the release of opposition leader and former Prime Minister Khaleda Zia – a longtime Hasina rival – who had been jailed in 2018 on graft charges, which she denies. Other student protesters and those arrested on “false cases,”were also released, the president said.

Hasina’s political career spanned decades since returning from exile in the early 1980s following the assassination of her father and most of her family. In 1990 she led a popular democratic uprising against military rule and has survived several assassination attempts in the years since.

She first became prime minister in 1996 and served for one term before returning to power in 2008, ruling Bangladesh with her Awami League party until Monday.

Bangladesh’s ‘Gen Z revolution’ toppled a veteran leader. Why did they hit the streets and what happens now? | CNN (5)

Sheikh Hasina in Munich, Germany on February 17, 2024.

Human rights organizations have warned that Hasina and her government were headed toward a one-party system, and critics expressed concerns over increased reports of political violence, voter intimidation, and harassment of the media and opposition figures.

During her time in power, rights groups say the government has used its cyber security law to crack down on freedom of expression online, arresting journalists, artists and activists,with reported cases of arbitrary detention and torture.

But Hasina had managed to weather many previous protests against her rule that erupted particularly during elections, so her resignation after five weeks of unrest was seen as sudden and unexpected.

Young people, who witnessed their peers shot and killed, fueled by dismal job prospects and who were tired of corruption and repression, could not be stopped by curfews, internet blocks or security forces.

“This might very well be the first successful Gen Z led revolution,” said Sabrina Karim, associate professor of government at Cornell University, who specializes in the study of political violence.

The military may have also played a role in Hasina’s resignation. Karim said in a statement that it “appears that the military were not always a unified force backing the Hasina regime.”

“While there are many photos and videos circulating of soldiers using deadly force and shooting at unarmed protesters, some members of the military called for an independent UN-led investigation into these atrocities,” she said. “In addition, some members of the military announced yesterday that they would not use deadly force on protesters who convened on the capital.”

Bangladesh’s ‘Gen Z revolution’ toppled a veteran leader. Why did they hit the streets and what happens now? | CNN (6)

People shake hands with army personnel as they celebrate the resignation of Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina in Dhaka on August 5, 2024.

What comes next?

On Tuesday, Bangladesh awaited the formation of the interim government and protest organizers with the Students Against Discrimination said they will meet with Bangladesh’s army chief.

Student leader Muhammad Nahid Islam said they hadn’t met all of their goals, and after Hasina’s resignation, the group wanted to “abolish fascist systems forever.” The leaders say they won’t accept a military-led or supported government.

Yunus, the student-backed head of the interim government, is an 84-year-old social entrepreneur and banker who won the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize for his pioneering microfinance work that helped alleviate poverty in Bangladesh.

Yunus will soon return to Bangladesh with the intention to take up the post “after a minor medical procedure in Paris,” a source told CNN. The Students Against Discrimination group also confirmed his return, telling CNN in a text message: “We are very delighted to say that Dr. Yunus has agreed to accept this challenge to save Bangladesh as per our student’s request.”

Speaking to CNN Monday, Yunus said he wanted to see the army hand control of the country to a civilian government.

“People are celebrating on the street and millions and millions of people all over Bangladesh [are] celebrating as if this is our liberation day,” he said.

Bangladesh’s ‘Gen Z revolution’ toppled a veteran leader. Why did they hit the streets and what happens now? | CNN (7)

Anti-government protesters display Bangladesh's national flag as they storm Hasina's palace in Dhaka.

While Hasina’s resignation was celebrated, some Bangladeshis expressed trepidation over the path ahead as the country attempts to fill a leadership vacuum.

“Hasina may be gone, but there is still a long road ahead for Bangladesh,” student Faiza Chowdhury,25, told CNN.“Until our religious minorities and ethnic minorities are protected and justice comes to them too, the nation is not free.”

Protester Aftab was wary of the military holding on to power.

“We have to remember the last 15 years, the army didn’t do anything. They protected this regime so they can’t just come into power and become good guys. We know who they are and what they’re going to do,” he said.

Others were more optimistic. Another Bangladeshi studying in New York told CNN that “Gen Z made everything possible. They are the future of Bangladesh and they can create a better future.”

Tanbirul Miraj Ripon in Dhaka and CNN’s Samra Zulfaqar, Isaac Yee, Bex Wright, Teele Rebane, Lucas Lilieholm, and Esha Mitra contributed reporting.

Bangladesh’s ‘Gen Z revolution’ toppled a veteran leader. Why did they hit the streets and what happens now? | CNN (2024)

FAQs

What happened in Bangladesh on 5th August 2024? ›

Resignation of Sheikh Hasina

On 5 August 2024, at around 3:00 p.m., Prime Minister Hasina resigned and fled the country on a helicopter with her sister, Sheikh Rehana, to India, arriving in Delhi via Agartala. Although she intended to record a speech, she did not have the opportunity to do so.

When did protests in Bangladesh start? ›

The Bangladesh protests of 2022–24 was a series of protests against the government of Sheikh Hasina between 2022 and 2024. Anti-government protests broke out in Bangladesh on 10 December 2022. The protests were initiated by the Bangladeshi opposition, which vowed to continue protests despite autocratic crackdown.

What is the 2024 revolution in Bangladesh? ›

The 2024 Bangladesh quota reform movement, also known as the July Revolution, was a series of anti-government and pro-democracy protests in Bangladesh, spearheaded primarily by university students.

What is the Bangladesh massacre 2024? ›

The July massacre (Bengali: জুলাই গণহত্যা, romanized: Julāi Gôṇôhôtyā) refers to the violent suppression and mass killings during protests in Bangladesh from July 16 to August 5, 2024.

What is gen Z in Bangladesh? ›

A miracle has happened in Bangladesh within a period of just 36 days – from July 1 to August 5. And the heroes of this people's revolution that took place on August 5 were undoubtedly the segment of population known as Generation-Z or the Zoomers, more specifically the students who were born between 1995 and 2010.

What is the biggest problem in Bangladesh? ›

Climate change: Definitely this is the #1 problem in Bangladesh. We may lose most of our lands, the salinity level is rising, the seasons are changing - all because of climate change. Clean water: Most of the rivers in Bangladesh originated in India.

What is the cause of the Bangladesh crisis? ›

More than 130 people died in what was a student protest against the quotas in government jobs, which quickly escalated to become a major crisis for Bangladesh, ultimately leading to the resignation of Sheikh Hasina. The student protesters demanded jobs based on merit and not on quotas.

What day is August 5th on in 2024? ›

National days on Mon Aug 5th, 2024.

What happened on Independence Day in Bangladesh? ›

The Independence of Bangladesh was declared on Night 26 March 1971 (After midnight 12 am, 25 March) at the first watch by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman . Then it was read out at first M.A Hannan and then by Major Ziaur Rahman, on behalf of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman at Radio Station on 26 March Night, 1971.

How did Sheikh Hasina survive? ›

Family murder, exile and return

Hasina, Wazed and Rehana were visiting Europe at the time of the assassination. They took refuge in the house of the Bangladeshi ambassador to West Germany; before taking up an offer of political asylum from Prime Minister Indira Gandhi of India.

What is the difference between Bangladesh Victory Day and Independence Day? ›

The Independence Day of Bangladesh is celebrated on 26 March when Sheikh Mujibur Rahman declared the independence of Bangladesh. The Bangladesh Liberation War started on 26 March and lasted till 16 December 1971 which is celebrated as Victory Day in Bangladesh.

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